Dr. Vijay Kalivarapu is a staff research scientist at the Virtual Reality Applications Center at Iowa State University. He received his PhD in Mechanical Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction from Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA (2008). His research focuses on developing CPU and GPU parallel computational methods to improve Particle Swarm Optimization using digital pheromones. Dr. Kalivarapu also has extensive experience in developing 3D visualization methods for immersive Virtual Reality systems and low-cost Head Mounted Display systems.